Who pays for the outcome.

The largest disclosed corporate buyer of durable carbon removal, with publicly reported multi-million-tonne offtake agreements.

A major carbon-removal and clean-energy purchaser, and a founding member of both the Frontier and Symbiosis buyer coalitions.

An early advance buyer of permanent carbon removal that went on to launch and operate the Frontier advance-market commitment.

One of the earliest corporate buyers of frontier carbon-removal technologies, publishing its purchase portfolio.

A large credit purchaser with published criteria for high-quality nature and removal credits, and a Symbiosis coalition member.

A public-private coalition mobilising $1bn+ to buy jurisdictional REDD+ emission reductions from tropical-forest countries.

An advance-purchase coalition of Google, Meta, Microsoft and Salesforce committing to buy high-quality nature-restoration credits.

A $1bn+ advance-market commitment, run by Stripe with Alphabet, Shopify, Meta and others, to accelerate permanent carbon removal.

A diversified advance-purchase facility (Mitsubishi and the NextGen partners) buying permanent carbon-removal credits at portfolio scale.

A pooled corporate fund channelling contributions into a transparent portfolio of carbon removal and nature solutions.

A prominent venture firm investing in carbon-removal and decarbonisation technologies, a key source of early demand signal.

A platform giving investors access to diversified climate and carbon-removal private-equity and venture funds.

The reference tracker of durable carbon-removal purchases and deliveries: who bought what, how much, and from whom, where disclosed.

A database of voluntary carbon-market transactions, retirements and buyers, used to read disclosed demand across the market.

Carbon-market intelligence (formerly Trove Research) on project ratings, prices and corporate buying activity.