Bolivia's carbon-market position changed mid-decade, and both positions are set out here rather than one being chosen. Its 2012 framework statute, the Ley Marco de la Madre Tierra (Ley N° 300), grounds all subsequent climate policy in the Vivir Bien paradigm rather than a conventional mitigation-target statute, and its Article 32.5 barred carbon-market financing from any Bolivian emissions-reduction plan on non-commodification-of-nature grounds. On 19 June 2024, Bolivia's Tribunal Constitucional Plurinacional, in Sentencia Constitucional Plurinacional 0040/2024, reinterpreted that same article to permit, rather than prohibit, the issuance of carbon bonds and credits by state or private actors, citing Bolivia's Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement obligations. As of September 2026 reporting, no implementing Supreme Decree had yet given the market clear rules or firm safeguards, and Bolivia's Vice Minister of Environment is quoted acknowledging that the state still needs to strengthen the regulatory framework.
Projects
ArBolivia
Smallholder agroforestry replacing monoculture and cattle across four departments
Regulation
Framework law
"establecer la visión y los fundamentos del desarrollo integral en armonía y equilibrio con la Madre Tierra para Vivir Bien"Artículo 1° (objeto)
Bolivia's constitutional-adjacent framework instrument (no separate "climate change act"); grounds all subsequent climate policy, including the carbon-market provision above, in the Vivir Bien / Mother Earth paradigm rather than a conventional mitigation-target statute.
Issuing body: Autoridad Plurinacional de la Madre Tierra · Corroborated
NDC
"Al 2035, Bolivia contará con un sector forestal vibrante y protegido, que habrá logrado detener y revertir la deforestación, posicionando a los bosques como el corazón de la acción climática del país." / "Al 2035, Bolivia habrá revolucionado su matriz energética, alcanzando un 75% de generación eléctrica a partir de fuentes renovables, con la energía solar y eólica liderando la expansión en el Sistema Interconectado Nacional."section 2.3, Visión Nacional al 2035; Tabla 1, Metas sectoriales de la NDC 3.0 (2026–2035)
Bolivia's third NDC for 2026 to 2035 sets sectoral goals rather than an economy-wide emissions figure: halting and reversing deforestation, 75% of electricity from renewables, 40% of agricultural units using conservation, regenerative or climate-resilient practices, and recovering at least 25% of municipal waste while closing open dumps, framed around climate justice and developed countries' responsibility.
Issuing body: Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia · Single source
Carbon market
Contested: two positions on this instrument are published side by side; see the linked row below.
"Todos los planes y programas de reducción de emisiones de Gases de Efecto Invernadero (GEI), estarán enfocados en la no mercantilización de las funciones ambientales de los componentes de la Madre Tierra, por lo que no incluirán mecanismos de financiamiento asociados a los mercados de carbono."Artículo 32, numeral 5
Statutory non-market position — explicitly bars carbon-market financing mechanisms from any Bolivian GHG emissions-reduction plan/programme, on non-commodification-of-nature grounds.
Issuing body: Autoridad Plurinacional de la Madre Tierra · Corroborated
Contested: two positions on this instrument are published side by side; see the linked row below.
the norm would be unconstitutional "unless a conditional constitutional interpretation is made, understood to mean that the article does not prevent the issuance of carbon bonds"; case file "Acción de Inconstitucionalidad Abstracta, Expediente N° 52326-2022-105-AIA"SCP 0040/2024, Sala Plena, holding
Reinterprets Ley 300 Art. 32.5 to permit (not prohibit) the issuance of carbon bonds/credits by state or private actors, citing Bolivia's Kyoto Protocol/Paris Agreement obligations — but per Mongabay's September 2026 reporting, no implementing Supreme Decree has yet given the market "reglas claras" or "salvaguardas sólidas"; the Vice Minister of Environment (Jorge Ávila) is quoted acknowledging the state must "fortalecer el aspecto normativo."
Issuing body: Tribunal Constitucional Plurinacional · Corroborated